exercises24tip

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

SPAR:

A spar is a type of floating oil platform typically used in very deep waters, and is named for logs used as buoys in shipping that are moored in place vertically. Spar production platforms have been developed as an alternative to conventional platforms.

A spar platform consists of a large-diameter, single vertical cylinder supporting a deck. The cylinder is weighted at the bottom by a chamber filled with a material that is denser than water to lower the center of gravity of the platform and provide stability. Spars are anchored to the seabed by way of a spread mooring system with either a chain-wire-chain or chain-polyester-chain composition.

There are three primary types of spars; the classic spar, truss spar, and cell spar. The classic spar consists of the cylindrical hull noted above, with the heavy ballast at the bottom of the cylinder.

A truss spar has a shorter cylindrical "hard tank" than a classic spar and has a truss structure connected to the bottom of hard tank. At the bottom of the truss structure, there is a relatively small, square shaped "soft tank" that houses the heavy ballasting material. The majority of spars are of this type.

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

A fixed platform is a type of offshore platform used for the production of oil or gas. These platforms are built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto the seabed, supporting a deck with space for drilling rigs, production facilities and crew quarters. Such platforms are, by virtue of their immobility, designed for very long term use. Various types of structure are used, steel jacket, concrete caisson, floating steel and even floating concrete. Steel jackets are vertical sections made of tubular steel members, and are usually piled into the seabed. Concrete caisson structures, pioneered by the Condeep concept, often have in-built oil storage in tanks below the sea surface and these tanks were often used as a flotation capability, allowing them to be built close to shore (Norwegian fjords and Scottish firths are popular because they are sheltered and deep enough) and then floated to their final position where they are sunk to the seabed. Fixed platforms are economically feasible for installation in water depths up to about 1,700 feet (520 m).

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

Oil tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries.Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.

Semi-submersible rigs make stable platforms for drilling for offshore oil and gas. They can be towed into position by a tugboat and anchored, or moved by and kept in position by their own azimuth thrusters with dynamic positioning.

A semi-submersible (semisubmerged ship) is a specialized marine vessel used in a number of specific offshore roles such as offshore drilling rigs, safety vessels, oil production platforms, and heavy lift cranes. They are designed with good stability and sea keeping characteristics. Other terms include semisubmersible, semi-sub, or simply semi.

Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more documentaries like this one.